Sue Randall, the younger of two children, was born in Philadelphia to Marion Burnside (née Heist) and Roland Rodrock Randall, a prominent real-estate consultant. She began her acting career on stage at the age of 10 with the Alden Park Players.
Randall completed her early education at the Lankenau School for Girls in the Germantown District of Philadelphia in 1953. She then moved to New York, where she attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, graduating with honors.
Randall's television debut came in 1955 with the episode "Golden Victory" of the series Star Tonight. She went on to play the role of Diane Emerson in the television version of Valiant Lady from 1953 to 1957. In 1954, she also portrayed Diane Emerson on the CBS drama Woman with a Past.
Randall's film credits include Desk Set, where she played Ruthie Saylor, a reference-desk worker, alongside Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn. She also appeared in other television productions before taking on the recurring role of Ruthie Saylor, a teacher, in the popular sitcom Leave It to Beaver from 1958 to 1962.
Randall's role as Miss Landers in Leave It to Beaver spanned 28 episodes, replacing Diane Brewster, who played Miss Canfield in the first season and the 1980s television movies based on the series. Her first appearance as Miss Landers was in the episode "Ward's Problem", which originally aired on October 16, 1958.
Randall's television roles often featured her as a featured actor or supporting character, often in Westerns. Some of her notable roles include Kathy O'Hara, an aspiring concert pianist, in the episode "The Mysterious Stranger" on the ABC/Warner Brothers series Sugarfoot, and Elaine, the daughter of a man sentenced to hang, in the episode "Judgment Day" on the ABC series The Rebel.
Randall was also cast as a co-star with actress Theodora Davitt in the proposed weekly sitcom Up on Cloud Nine. A pilot for this comedy was completed, but no potential sponsors opted to buy or underwrite the series about the misadventures of two airline stewardesses.